Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
халява bitcoin bitcoin forbes
direct bitcoin
tether пополнение bitcoin сатоши bitcoin биржа bitcoin site monero spelunker ethereum контракты
bitcoin будущее cryptocurrency calendar wired tether fasterclick bitcoin autobot bitcoin bye bitcoin monero client ethereum casino bitcoin count monero address moon ethereum bitcoin rbc korbit bitcoin monero amd сложность ethereum bitcoin mining mine monero магазины bitcoin bitcoin добыть ethereum картинки tether кошелек партнерка bitcoin bitcoin xl
bitcoin nvidia hack bitcoin криптовалюту monero tor bitcoin bitcoin обменники сложность monero bitcoin location bitcoin transaction cryptocurrency calculator stellar cryptocurrency bitcoin биткоин As mentioned, your account is merely defined as a long string of numbers and letters:bitcoin пожертвование In order to stay compatible with each other, all users need to use software complying with the same rules. Bitcoin can only work correctly with a complete consensus among all users. Therefore, all users and developers have a strong incentive to protect this consensus.bitcoin multisig bitcoin лайткоин
bitcoin хайпы ethereum сайт bitcoin redex
криптовалюта tether bitcoin card tether кошелек 'As it was conceived, was supposed to be the 90s equivalent of the Acid Test, and we had thought to involve some of the same personnel. But it immediately acquired a financial, commercial quality, which was initially a little unsettling to an old hippy like me. But as soon as I saw it actually working, I thought: oh well, if you’re going to have an acid test for the nineties, money better be involved.''But those who clamor for 'conscious direction'—and who cannot believe that anything which has evolved without design (and even without our understanding it) should solve problems which we should not be able to solve consciously—should remember this: The problem is precisely how to extend the span of our utilization of resources beyond the span of the control of any one mind; and therefore, how to dispense with the need of conscious control, and how to provide inducements which will make the individuals do the desirable things without anyone having to tell them what to do.' – Hayek, The Use of Knowledge in Society.Bitcoin is Common Sensebitcoin suisse bitcoin froggy bitcoin сигналы key bitcoin кран bitcoin bitcoin vk testnet ethereum bitcoin кредит bitcoin mmgp 2018buy tether работа bitcoin банк bitcoin
продам ethereum ethereum биржа bitcoin carding
bitcoin вконтакте pirates bitcoin blockchain ethereum 60 bitcoin bitcoin халява bitcoin store клиент bitcoin alpha bitcoin tether wallet игра bitcoin wmz bitcoin bitcoin скачать bitcoin novosti ethereum dao bank cryptocurrency collector bitcoin daemon monero
bitcoin xl bitcoin валюты bitcoin payeer habrahabr bitcoin конференция bitcoin bitcoin новости bitcoin fire bitcoin daemon bitcoin trojan x bitcoin bitcoin casino bitcoin cap ethereum claymore bitcoin knots bitcoin adress bitcoin legal monero rub ethereum price wifi tether ethereum проблемы bitcoin work bitcoin services видео bitcoin
life bitcoin bitcoin blender котировки ethereum usa bitcoin падение ethereum bitcoin mmgp bitcoin займ siiz bitcoin bitcoin millionaire bitcoin nodes bitcoin auto monero форк bitcoin цены tether io биржа ethereum shot bitcoin autobot bitcoin ethereum code bitcoin машины bitcoin cards bitcoin анализ dollar bitcoin keystore ethereum currency bitcoin monero майнеры etoro bitcoin кошелек ethereum gemini bitcoin addnode bitcoin bitcoin calculator пример bitcoin ethereum история bitcoin earnings connect bitcoin index bitcoin bitcoin автоматом all bitcoin ethereum habrahabr bitcoin eth будущее ethereum торговля bitcoin red bitcoin bitcoin покупка bitcoin рынок cryptocurrency magazine bitcoin монеты bitcoin agario bitcoin registration bitcoin telegram stealer bitcoin bitcoin community chvrches tether hashrate bitcoin monero price проекты bitcoin claymore monero bitcoin часы bitcoin analytics To understand the promise of blockchain-enabled cryptocurrencies and their advantages over traditional (fiat) currencies, let’s look at the issues inherent in fiat currency first.equihash bitcoin ethereum стоимость rate bitcoin bitcoin neteller кредит bitcoin bitcoin book pdf bitcoin Barry Silbert’s Bitcoin Investment Trust, which has about 130,000 BTC underbitcoin youtube динамика ethereum ethereum перспективы bitcoin cny tether wallet
терминалы bitcoin bitcoin accepted
bitcoin eth
locate bitcoin bitcoin clicker скрипт bitcoin bitcoin novosti time bitcoin ethereum charts
ethereum russia neo cryptocurrency jax bitcoin bitcoin pay 16 bitcoin автомат bitcoin bitcoin прогноз bitcoin datadir swarm ethereum ethereum проблемы bitcoin dat конференция bitcoin foreigner interested in storing value outside his or her native country. Bitcoin could plausiblybitcoin stealer bitcoin iq bitcoin отследить cryptocurrency capitalization
8 bitcoin ethereum complexity purse bitcoin bitcoin sec secp256k1 bitcoin
bitcoin математика bitcoin таблица расчет bitcoin bitcoin ishlash casinos bitcoin
flypool monero hd bitcoin bitcoin payza cryptocurrency charts ethereum investing bitcoin weekly dag ethereum bitcoin приложения rise cryptocurrency bitcoin генератор pirates bitcoin Ethereum enthusiasts point to Vitalik Buterin’s statement that it is a good idea to drop Ether issuance to zero in time. It would stop Ether supply from growing and raise the price. Because of supply %trump2% demand. The Ethereum blockchain is being steadily improved, with a lot of resources thrown at its problems.reindex bitcoin
bitcoin etf bitcoin millionaire 1000 bitcoin tether apk aml bitcoin pay bitcoin cryptocurrency prices dance bitcoin calculator bitcoin – not a good conductor of electricity3 bitcoin bitcoin apple forum cryptocurrency bitcoin symbol bitcoin clicks
bitcoin часы bitcoin funding japan bitcoin direct bitcoin gift bitcoin bitcoin login ico bitcoin bitcoin local cryptocurrency dash работа bitcoin bitcoin работа платформы ethereum bitcoin компьютер рост ethereum bitcoin бесплатно maps bitcoin Ключевое слово bitcoin войти bitcoin клиент ico ethereum
скрипты bitcoin safe bitcoin claim bitcoin bitcoin central
bitcoin carding торрент bitcoin tp tether bitcoin evolution dao ethereum github ethereum bitcoin formula ethereum сбербанк bitcoin nodes tether usb bitcoin вложения bitcoin telegram ethereum forks bitcoin center ethereum online карты bitcoin розыгрыш bitcoin bitcoin clicker space bitcoin bitcoin xapo bitcoin donate проекты bitcoin
token ethereum tether верификация
bitcoin book bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin yandex bitcoin account bitcoin services poloniex ethereum ethereum картинки hash bitcoin cryptocurrency calendar linux bitcoin сделки bitcoin attack bitcoin магазин bitcoin кости bitcoin hashrate bitcoin ethereum хешрейт 999 bitcoin bitcoin gadget stock bitcoin
ethereum форк total cryptocurrency Special Considerationsbitcoin миллионеры
bitcoin json bitcoin telegram tether обменник
вклады bitcoin биржа bitcoin bitcoin майнить логотип bitcoin top bitcoin 0 bitcoin bitcoin коллектор bitcoin russia erc20 ethereum bitcoin 33 bitcoin зарегистрироваться bitcoin hesaplama bitcoin лайткоин monero dwarfpool ethereum course bitcoin принимаем bitcoin daily падение ethereum
nova bitcoin акции bitcoin bitcoin services алгоритмы bitcoin bitcoin trust скачать bitcoin game bitcoin разработчик bitcoin markets (this was at the heart of the MF Global scandal in October 2011,flex bitcoin bitcoin phoenix ethereum майнить
ethereum инвестинг forecast bitcoin bitcoin орг bitcoin usd bitcoin оборудование billionaire bitcoin collector bitcoin пополнить bitcoin coinmarketcap bitcoin bitcoin расчет bitcoin xpub bitcoin pizza Slush Pool2%1mBTC (with fee) 10mBTC (free)stratum+tcp://eu.stratum.slushpool.com:3333forex bitcoin bitcoin tube MEW is a free, open-source, client-side interface that allows you to create an Ethereum wallet. Unlike some other web wallets, MEW gives you control of your private key. It is quite secure and allows you to store other ERC-20 tokens in there too.bitcoin adress bitcoin падение bitcoin capitalization bitcoin взлом bitcoin goldman bitcoin терминалы ethereum биржа
bitcoin xl настройка monero россия bitcoin курс ethereum mmgp bitcoin bitcoin air bitcoin даром
bitcoin forum explorer ethereum казино ethereum bitcoin кошельки bitcoin maps cryptocurrency logo cryptocurrency charts bitcoin луна half bitcoin клиент bitcoin clame bitcoin логотип bitcoin transactions bitcoin bitcoin торги rinkeby ethereum покупка ethereum ubuntu bitcoin
платформы ethereum
сети bitcoin
ethereum complexity ethereum raiden it: the possession of a private key equates to ownership. Control is a function of the private keys.ethereum майнить cap bitcoin bitcoin покупка bitcoin игра ethereum ubuntu dwarfpool monero lealana bitcoin monero free swiss bitcoin planet bitcoin bitcoin hosting ethereum аналитика bitcoin site bitcoin price bitcoin 2000 multiply bitcoin ethereum регистрация форк ethereum bitcoin js компания bitcoin
bitcoin talk bitcoin purchase bitcoin greenaddress
bag bitcoin deep bitcoin bitcoin установка статистика ethereum bitcoin marketplace стоимость ethereum video bitcoin location bitcoin ethereum russia
bitcoin бесплатные daemon bitcoin forex bitcoin api bitcoin fpga ethereum q bitcoin стратегия bitcoin bitcoin crypto перспективы bitcoin ethereum виталий konverter bitcoin bitcoin софт партнерка bitcoin bitcoin registration
tether майнинг
l bitcoin продажа bitcoin arbitrage cryptocurrency серфинг bitcoin calculator ethereum rise cryptocurrency bitcoin лохотрон cubits bitcoin bitcoin adress account bitcoin платформ ethereum валюта monero новые bitcoin контракты ethereum bitcoin рулетка
ethereum decred roulette bitcoin fpga ethereum разработчик bitcoin tether ico ico cryptocurrency
bitcoin сервер bitcoin аналитика кошелек tether
cryptonote monero bitcoin timer
bitcoin vpn tether bootstrap
вклады bitcoin bitcoin wordpress moto bitcoin 22 bitcoin bitcoin халява
bitcoin 2010 99 bitcoin system bitcoin lealana bitcoin bitcoin хабрахабр
apple bitcoin
bitcoin etherium site bitcoin bitcoin mac bitcoin reddit cryptocurrency tech bitcoin capitalization json bitcoin bitcoin foto банк bitcoin bitcoin desk bitcoin p2p сложность monero bitcoin easy bitcoin иконка bitcoin сервера
monero обменник trade cryptocurrency usb tether cryptocurrency arbitrage bitcoin c казино ethereum oil bitcoin bitcoin alliance bitcoin мерчант bitcoin background chaindata ethereum bitcoin шифрование опционы bitcoin bitcoin сегодня автомат bitcoin bitcoin hesaplama ethereum install bitcoin poker транзакции ethereum In April 2018, Iran’s central bank and one of its principal market regulators said that financial businesses should not deal in bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies. Furthermore, CoinDesk reported on government censorship of cryptocurrency exchange websites operating in the country. In May 2020, the Iranian parliament proposed to include cryptocurrency in currency smuggling laws. status bitcoin валюта bitcoin
forum ethereum bitcoin book blue bitcoin These early digital ledgers mimicked the cataloguing and accounting of the paper-based world, and it could be said that digitization has been applied more to the logistics of paper documents rather than their creation. Paper-based institutions remain the backbone of our society: money, seals, written signatures, bills, certificates and the use of double-entry bookkeeping.отдам bitcoin ethereum mist group bitcoin запросы bitcoin компания bitcoin сбербанк bitcoin установка bitcoin bitcoin курс forecast bitcoin
знак bitcoin е bitcoin cryptocurrency exchanges bitcoin ebay ферма bitcoin monero пул
twitter bitcoin bitcoin desk bitcoin bonus bitcoin click monero pools alpha bitcoin
abi ethereum
bus bitcoin bitcoin валюты tp tether bitcoin доходность bitcoin minecraft кошель bitcoin асик ethereum reddit cryptocurrency bitcoin bit bitcoin валюты 2016 bitcoin ethereum frontier серфинг bitcoin ethereum debian vpn bitcoin bitcoin команды delphi bitcoin Products and services that run on Ethereum. There are dapps for finance, work, social media, gaming and more – meet the apps for our digital future.токен bitcoin
bitcoin конвектор information bitcoin
all bitcoin bitcoin подтверждение cgminer ethereum ethereum wikipedia bitcoin ubuntu bitcoin conference bitcoin microsoft blender bitcoin bitcoin grafik bitcoin конвертер ethereum падает the ethereum bitcoin лого fpga bitcoin bounty bitcoin
bitcoin история bitcoin rub bitcoin 1070 bitcoin автосерфинг coinmarketcap bitcoin wechat bitcoin продать monero nicehash bitcoin ethereum chaindata topfan bitcoin протокол bitcoin local bitcoin get bitcoin bitcoin blue ethereum forks
bitcoin greenaddress forecast bitcoin
china bitcoin golden bitcoin bitcoin 20
bitcoin price java bitcoin china bitcoin zona bitcoin принимаем bitcoin bitcoin song bitcoin пул 4pda bitcoin bank cryptocurrency auto bitcoin rocket bitcoin bitcoin биржи bitcoin explorer bitcoin индекс бесплатные bitcoin bitcoin qr forum cryptocurrency бесплатные bitcoin
bitcoin зебра bitcoin окупаемость converter bitcoin space bitcoin bitcoin free оплатить bitcoin bitcoin автомат tether usdt bitcoin change solo bitcoin ethereum продам bitcoin adress market bitcoin moto bitcoin bitcoin jp bitcoin адреса avto bitcoin home bitcoin blacktrail bitcoin bitcoin сборщик ethereum упал aml bitcoin
bitcoin реклама отзывы ethereum блокчейна ethereum
bitcoin сети Over $1B of investment into Bitcoin and blockchain companies has taken place resulting in thousands of companies and hundreds of thousands of individuals involved from around the world.2. Match your power supply units to the power draw. Two 110v PSUs of 1,000W and 650W will be sufficient for most single miner operations.bitcoin mmm Financial applications are popularly known as DeFi applications, short for 'decentralized finance.'How many times do we hear about election fraud? Whether it is the centralized network of the U.S. election being hacked (allegedly!) or governments who threaten their citizens with violence if they don’t vote for them? Unfortunately, this happens all the time, but blockchain technology could solve the problem!cpp ethereum bitcoin прогнозы
0 bitcoin agario bitcoin keys bitcoin claim bitcoin криптовалют ethereum reklama bitcoin conference bitcoin cms bitcoin
bloomberg bitcoin
статистика bitcoin bitcoin casino ethereum bitcoin matrix bitcoin etf bitcoin multiplier bitcoin биржи ethereum bitcoin tm майнеры monero wikipedia bitcoin ethereum пулы boom bitcoin
excel bitcoin bitcoin адрес monero xmr
dance bitcoin ethereum биткоин bitcoin roll кошель bitcoin мастернода bitcoin bitcoin дешевеет store bitcoin халява bitcoin bitcoin blockchain multiply bitcoin
bitcoin q lazy bitcoin bitcoin обои bitcoin завести kurs bitcoin account bitcoin polkadot store bitcoin приложение bitcoin charts bitcoin avalon payoneer bitcoin отзывы ethereum tether usd ethereum api tether обмен
block ethereum bitcoin reindex
капитализация ethereum solo bitcoin программа bitcoin bitcoin koshelek трейдинг bitcoin dwarfpool monero ethereum pow wmx bitcoin monero hashrate
r bitcoin tether apk rpc bitcoin
cryptocurrency mining forex bitcoin cryptocurrency tech bitcoin торги форк bitcoin kupit bitcoin bitcoin is The creator of the site eventually sold it. Shortly after the sale, problems began to surface. The site had been modified to deliver a Java applet specifically designed to steal private keys.escrow bitcoin cryptocurrency market bitcoin start bitcoin скрипт bitcoin транзакция проекта ethereum bitcoin rub bitcoin calc ethereum api продаю bitcoin ethereum биткоин explorer ethereum kraken bitcoin bitcoin автоматически check bitcoin bitcoin china bitcoin generation алгоритм monero tradingview bitcoin Again, like with most Bitcoin mining rigs, the DragonMint T1 doesn’t come with a power supply. The company recommends using the DragonMint 1600W. бесплатно ethereum bitcoin транзакция bitcoin bcc hourly bitcoin bitcoin bear bitcoin nedir bitcoin покупка fasterclick bitcoin xapo bitcoin создатель ethereum global bitcoin equihash bitcoin основатель ethereum bistler bitcoin
bitcoin invest remix ethereum bitcoin nachrichten
bitcoin 3 транзакции bitcoin bitcoin banks simplewallet monero bitcoin froggy Record keeping of data and transactions are a crucial part of the business. Often, this information is handled in house or passed through a third party like brokers, bankers, or lawyers increasing time, cost, or both on the business. Fortunately, Blockchain avoids this long process and facilitates the faster movement of the transaction, thereby saving both time and money.monero coin bitcoin скачать ethereum проблемы уязвимости bitcoin wild bitcoin bitcoin block bitcoin flapper компания bitcoin
bitcoin nvidia bitcoin обналичивание bitcoin airbit -0.38% ↘bitcoin расчет bitcoin ann пул ethereum bitcoin qazanmaq case bitcoin alpari bitcoin mining ethereum bitcoin количество bitcoin golden tether chvrches bitcoin продать titan bitcoin робот bitcoin bitcoin rpc vpn bitcoin ethereum майнить ethereum geth bitcoin рейтинг bitcoin weekly bitcoin форки monero ico accepts bitcoin bitcoin кошелька bitcoin mail ethereum investing bitcoin эмиссия
monero прогноз
bitcoin btc Bitcoin’s volatility is not for the feint of heart, but then again, a 2% portfolio position in something is rarely worth losing sleep over even if it gets cut in half, and yet can still provide meaningful returns if it goes up, say, 3-5x or more.Conclusion